FORT WILLIAM & MARY
New Castle, NH

December 12th and 13th, 1774

Paul Revere rode 66 miles from Boston to Portsmouth with the urgent message the British were sending two warships, including Marines, to the sparsely defended British Fort William and Mary on the edge of Portsmouth Harbor. Durham’s General John Sullivan received instructions to bring the militia to Portsmouth.

December 14th and 15th, 1774

The ensuing assault and raid of December 14th and 15th (the second day of which was led by General Sullivan) was arguably the first military action of the American Revolutionary War; shots were fired, and the 400-strong seacoast townspeople “struck the King’s colors,” pulling down the flag flying over the fort. On the first day, they took the province’s 100 barrels of black powder to safety in towns along the Great Bay. On the second day with help from the Durham militia they carted off the King's muskets, cannons, and supplies. Much of the black powder was later used to replenish the colonials after the battle of Breeds Hill.

The Day-long Ride of Paul Revere

Listen, my children and you shall hear
Of the day-long ride of Paul Revere,
December thirteenth in ‘Seventy-Four,
Not ‘Seventy-Five: several months before,
With news that British warships drew near.

King George foresaw an emergency
As colonists, with increasing ardor,
Fed his fear of insurgency
From Boston on up to Portsmouth Harbor
Civic distrust spread like chokecherry;
Rage in the colonies grew by the hour
Exposing unduly Fort William and Mary
Stocked with a surplus of firepower,
And thus at greater risk of a raid.

Just guess how many provincial soldiers
Guarded the cannons and muskets and kegs,
Including the dutiful Captain Cochran,
Six men stood watch on twelve trembling legs.

Now was the chance to challenge the fort
The Boston Committee came up with a task
To take orders to bring the British up short
There was, in Boston, but one man to ask
None braver, none fleeter no one with less fear
Than the silversmith’s son, name of Paul Revere.

Sixty-six miles he covered that day
Freezing and urging his hard-charging steed
Galloping miles with no time to delay
To perform his patriotic deed
Langdon and Cutts met him past four
General John Sullivan also was sent
To Portsmouth to plan their act of war
With the help of a man of African descent.

While Cochran was warily manning the fort;
From up in the ramparts, he studied Great Isle
And eyed the horizon, when after a while
A sea of transgressors sailed in from the port
Hundreds of men, armed and bloodthirsty
Rushed the old fort; Damn them all, cursed he.
Through the narrowest chink in the fort’s wooden wall,
He couldn’t see any way out, none at all
Shots were then fired – Don’t come any closer!
They couldn’t reveal how few they were, no sir,
For country and King they’d sacrifice all.

Four hundred townspeople breeched the stand!
Four hundred townspeople swarmed the place!
They gathered all the munitions on hand
Back to their gundalows, hauling apace
While Captain Cochran and his five men
Were forced to surrender, there and then
As out of the fort armaments flew
With little the British soldiers could do!

After the colonists left with their haul
It felt like the fort had no further to fall
Such thinking was wishful, for miles away
A bold Wentworth Cheswill had answered the call
Militia was gathered to launch the next day!

Day Two after dark steered a new gundalow
General John Sullivan led the assault
Invading the fort in a second blow
Handing the British another insult
Returned on the tide, led on by the moon
The men all sat barefoot and frozen
Their marching boots would serve them soon
Aboard, they’d kick off an explosion.

And so, dear children, should ever you hear
Of Longfellow’s Midnight Ride  
Remember the hours that Paul Revere
Had to spend on his steed astride,
This was no mere reverse commute
Sixty-six miles, a flag torn down
Was hardly a mere property dispute
Months before the Battle of Lexington.
The events of Day Two and the day before
And the long ride the day before then
Can only be seen as the first act of war
Of the American Revolution.

By Joan Bigwood
Durham author and playwright

After Henry Wadsworth Longfellow